(Don't read this while eating)
Before coming here, I thought that only poor rural areas wouldn't have western bathrooms. Now I know it's actually only areas that have lots of westerners and tourists that do. It's not a technological issue (the vast majority of places that don't have toilet paper could easily get some if they wanted to) but a cultural one. Indians think toilet paper is unclean and prefer to use water.
Arguments like,
-If any other part of your body had s*** on it, would just wipe it with paper, or would you wash it?
-If you had a dirty plate, could you wipe it with paper and then eat off of it again the next day, or would you wash it before eating off of it?
-Water is simply better at cleaning than toilet paper.
My rear feels cleaner actually, like after a bath. But as a sissy I use about 5x the amount of soap I normally use. And I don't have to be reminded not to use my left hand when eating. And it's suprisingly easy to do lots of things like tear bread with only one hand.
So I'm capable of cleaning myself with my hand. The hard part is squatting over a toilet which is a literal hole in the ground. Fortunately my home here has an actual toilet.
Some places (including a restaurant that I've been to) don't have bathrooms. My school (which hasn't started yet but I've visited three times now) doesn't have soap in the bathrooms (I learned this the hard way,after having just cleaned out diarhea). No bathrooms (except in the touristy parts of Mumbai) will have paper towels or even hand dyers. You have to carry a handkerchief and soap everywhere. And that handkerchief is also useful for wiping the constant sweat off your face.
One of the reasons that some Indians would not like to shake hands (and would instead prefer to keep some distance) is that plenty people (generally lower income ones) never use with soap. At my schools bathroom there was a janitor and a security guard who after cleaning themselves with their left hands only washed with water (I had to do the same too that day but I avoided touching anything with it).